分类： 圣典博伽瓦谭中的逍遥

主讲：月亮帕布，时间：2013年1月17日
[audio:DiSB/32-Kumaras and Jaya Vijaya-Candrasekhar Acarya das-2013.01.17.mp3]点击下载

主讲：月亮帕布，时间：2012年10月4日
[audio:DiSB/31-Kumaras and Jaya Vijaya-Candrasekhar Acarya das-2012.10.04.mp3]点击下载

主讲：月亮帕布，时间：2012年9月27日
[audio:DiSB/30-Avatars Prajapatis Atma-Candrasekhar Acarya das-2012.09.27.mp3]点击下载

主讲：月亮帕布，时间：2012年9月14日
[audio:DiSB/29-prajapatis and 4 sampradayas-Candrasekhar Acarya das-2012.09.13.mp3]点击下载

prajapatis – progenitors of various species
Prajapatis—不同生命物种的始祖

4 kumaras = catursana
4库玛茹阿= 查图尔萨纳

catur = 4
查图尔 = 4

kumara = age group of 5 to 10 years old
库玛茹阿= 指5到10岁的组群

Sanaka, Sanatana, Sanandana and Sanatkumara
萨那卡, 萨纳坦, 萨南达以及萨那特库玛尔
(库玛茹阿四兄弟的名字)

they are empowered incarnations of the Lord’s jnana-sakit
他们是赋予了主的知识能量的化身

Sakti 力量

Narada Muni is an empowered incarnation of the Lord’s bhakti-sakti
纳茹阿达-穆尼是赋予了主的奉爱能量的化身

jnana-sakti = the Lord’s knowledge potency
格亚纳-萨克提 = 主的知识的能量

There are 4 vaishnava sampradaya/disciplic sucession
有4个外士那瓦桑帕达亚/师徒传承

Brahma Sampradaya/Laksmi Sampradaya/Rudra Sampradaya/Kumara Sampradaya
布茹玛阿-桑帕达亚/拉克丝蜜-桑帕达亚/茹卓-桑帕达亚/库玛茹阿-桑帕达亚

The Lord’s swan incarnation, Hamsavatar, originally instructed the 4 Kumaras and thus the Kumara Sampradaya began
主的天鹅化身, 韩萨瓦塔尔, 训示了库玛茹阿四兄弟,以此而开始了库玛茹阿-桑帕达亚

hamsa = swan
韩萨 = 天鹅

two categories of impersonalists -brahmavadis and mayavadis
两种非人格主义者 = 布茹阿玛瓦迪 以及 玛亚瓦迪

brahmavadis are highly advanced and spiritually realized souls
布茹阿玛瓦迪是高尚的，得到了灵性觉悟的灵魂

who have realized the Brahman, or impersonal feature of the Lord
他们觉悟了至尊梵, 觉悟了主的非人格的特征

mayavadis on the other hand are not very advanced impersonalist and are therefore impure in heart and not very spiritually realized
玛亚瓦迪却不是非常高尚的非人格主义者, 他们的内心不纯净, 而且没有得到太多的灵性觉悟.

it is out of envy that they don’t accept and/or worship the personal form of the Lord
出于嫉妒,他们不会接受和崇拜主的人格形象.

主讲：月亮帕布，时间：2012年8月30日
[audio:DiSB/28-Lilavatar-Lord Varaha-Candrasekhar Acarya das-2012.08.30.mp3]点击下载

2012年8月30日, 月亮帕布的早课的笔记及问题
<圣典博伽瓦谭> 3．１８．６至结束，１９章　整章（２６要旨）

Lila avataras/pastime incarnations are sometimes known as Kalpa avataras or avataras that appear during Lord Brahma’s day
莉拉阿瓦塔（逍遥时光）的化身有时候以卡尔帕-阿瓦塔而被知晓，也就是在主布茹阿玛的一天中显现的化身 ——月亮帕布

tapasya – austerity
塔帕夏 — 苦行

tapas/austerity
塔帕斯 — 苦行

Diti is the mother of the daityas or demons
迪提是(戴特亚斯)恶魔的母亲

Aditi is the mother of the Adityas or demigods
阿迪提士是阿迪提亚斯(半神人)的母亲

asuras/demons
阿苏茹阿(恶魔)

Diti is the mother of the daityas or demons
迪提是(戴特亚斯)恶魔的母亲

Aditi is the mother of the Adityas or demigods
阿迪提士是阿迪提亚斯(半神人)的母亲

sura/demigod or deva/demigods
苏茹阿/半神人 也称为德瓦(半神人)

the demigods reside in svarga-loka, or the heavenly planets
半神人居住在斯瓦嘎-楼卡,天堂星球

the demons reside in the lower planets of which there 6 lower planets
such as: patala, rasatala etc
恶魔居住在低等星球,有6个低等星球, 比如:帕拉塔，茹阿萨塔拉

the earth is known as karma bhumi
地球以活动星球而得名
bhumi – earth
布米――地球
karma – action
卡玛　――活动

Haribol prabhu, so the lower plant is not the hellish plant, right? Thank you very much for your nice lecture.

低等星球并不是地狱星球，对不？

问题：　如果要是没有物质愿望是否无法推动社会的发展?

问题：prabh顶拜您的莲花足，请问您在中国有没有被上级授权GBC的管理领导代言人呢，中国地区的国内组织管理人员

xunqiuzhenli (08:58:24)
因为前两天有中国管理权威人士，开始邀请奉献者加入会员制，我们不知道这个是被授权的吗。
A couple of days ago, devotees are invited by some Chinese authorities to join a membership, we are not sure if they have been authorized of doing that?

bhakti yoga (09:14:51)
帕布刚才说：当我们发现问题时，应该提出来，或许向那个人或许通过别人，可是我们担心会有冒犯奉献者的危险呢，我们怎样作最好呢？请教帕布
[9:17:52] Danakeli devi dasi: Prabhu you mentioned that we should bring up the problem to someone when we found the problem, but how to avoid to the offense to the devotee? What’s the best way to do it? Thanks

bhakti yoga (09:22:50)
我的问题是指当我们在实际的服务过程中，工作中，看到发生的问题，我们怎样做最好？感谢帕布
further explaination: in our actual service, when we see the problem, what’s the right thing to do
thank you very much

主讲：月亮帕布，时间：2012年8月16日
[audio:DiSB/26-Lilavatar-Candrasekhar Acarya das-2012.08.16.mp3]点击下载

Canto 1 chapter 3 & Canto 2 chapter 7 there is a list of the lila avataras that appear during Lord Brahma’s each day
第一篇第3章&第二篇第7章，列出了主布茹阿玛一天中显现的丽拉阿瓦塔。
[7:39:18] nitai: lila-avatara – incarnations that appear for specific pastimes and reasons
丽拉阿瓦塔——为了特殊活动和原因显现的化身
[7:43:58] nitai: Lord Brahma’s day is known as a kalpa
主布茹阿玛的一天叫做卡尔帕（劫）
[7:46:07] nitai: one thousand of the 4 yugas, Satya, Treta, Dvapara and Kali yugas = one daylpa of Lord Brahma
一千个四个年代，萨提亚，特瑞塔，杜瓦尔帕和卡利年代==主布茹阿玛的一天
[7:46:33] nitai: the 4 yugas together are known divya yuga
4个年代合起来一起叫做迪维亚 年代
[7:49:56] nitai: 72 divya yugas = the period of each Manu
72个迪维亚 年代=每个玛努的寿命
[7:50:46] nitai: Manu=the progenitor of the human race
玛努=人类的祖先
[7:53:53] nitai: [7:53] nitai:
<<< now we in the period of the 7th Manu. His name is Vaivasvata Manu 现在我们在第七个玛努期间，他的名字叫维瓦施瓦塔玛努 [7:56:15] nitai: the 1st Manu during this day of Lord Brahma is known as Svayambhuva Manu. His wife's name is Satarupa devi 主布茹阿玛这天中的第一个玛努名叫斯瓦央布瓦玛努。他妻子的名字叫萨塔茹帕 戴薇 [8:28:36] nitai: during the period of Svayambhuva Manu Lord Varaha Deva was white in color and He appeared from the Garbhodaka ocean (universal ocean) itself bringing the earth on His tusks 在斯瓦央布瓦玛努期间，主瓦茹阿哈戴瓦的皮肤为白色，他从噶尔博达卡海洋（原因之洋）中出现，用獠牙抬起地球。 [8:29:21] nitai: He is known as Sveta Varaha - white Varaha 他也叫斯维塔瓦茹阿哈-白色的瓦茹阿哈 [8:29:49] nitai: This day of Lord Brahma is known as Sveta Varaha Kalpa 主布茹阿玛的这一天叫做斯维塔瓦茹阿哈 卡尔帕 [8:31:04] nitai: Svayambhu - self born 斯瓦央布-自己出生 [8:34:26] nitai: during the period of the 6th Manu, Caksusa Manu, Lord Varaha appeared again to save the earth from the demon, Hiranyaksa 在第6个玛努期间，查克苏萨玛努，主瓦茹阿哈再次显现以便将地球从恶魔，黑冉亚克萨的手中救出。 [8:37:43] nitai: this appearance of Lord Varaha is reddish and He appeared from the nostril of Lord Brahma as described in the 13th chapter of the Bhagavatam 薄伽梵歌第13章描述，主瓦茹阿哈的这次显现是红色的，他从主布茹阿玛的鼻孔显现 [8:38:42] nitai: please read Srimad Bhavagatam 3rd canto chapter 13 the purport to text 31 请阅读圣典博伽瓦谭第三篇第13章，诗节31要旨

主讲：月亮帕布，时间：2012年5月31日
[audio:DiSB/25-annihilation-Candrasekhar Acarya das-2012.05.31.mp3|titles=宇宙的4种毁灭|artists=月亮帕布]点击下载

THE FOUR CATEGORIES OF THE UNIVERSAL ANNIHILATION

4类宇宙毁灭

There are four kinds of annihilation summarized as constant, occasional, material and final.

有4种毁灭，被归纳成：经常性的，临时性的，物质性的，以及终极的。

1) When a person achieves knowledge of his relationship with Krsna or when he understands his factual identity, he is then liberated from the material nature. This is called final annihilation or Atyantika.
(S.B.Canto 12 Ch.4)

当一个人获得了关于他和奎师那之间的关系的知识，或当他知晓了自己实际身份的时候，他就从物质自然中解脱了。这被称作终极的毁灭，或者称为Atyantika 《圣典博伽瓦谭》12.4

At the time of devastation, when Lord Ananta desires to destroy the entire creation, He becomes slightly angry. Then from between His eyebrows, the three-eyed Rudra carrying a trident becomes manifested. This Rudra who is known as Sankarsana is the embodiment of the eleven Rudras. He appears to devastate the creation.

在毁灭之际，当主阿南塔希望毁灭这整个创造的时候，他是有些生气的。所以从他的眉宇之间，那个手持三叉戟，长着三只眼的茹铎显现了。这位被称为桑卡尔珊的茹铎是11位茹铎的化身。他显现的目的是为了摧毁这个创造。

In each creation the living entities are given a chance to go back to Godhead. When they misuse this opportunity and do not go back home, Lord Sankarsana becomes angry and annihilates the universe.

每一次创造都给予了生物体回归首神的机会。当他们错用了这个机会,没有回归家园的时候，主桑卡尔珊被激怒，并要毁灭整个宇宙。
(S.B. 5.25.3)

2) When Brahma’s life span is finished there occurs the Prakrtika or total material annihilation. At that time the entire universal egg is destroyed.

当布茹阿玛的寿命到了尽头的时候，就发生了Prakrtika或称为整体物质毁灭。在这个时候整个宇宙之卵被毁灭了。

As the annihilation approaches there will be no rain on the earth for one hundred years. Drought will lead to famine and the starving populace will consume one another. Thus they will gradually be destroyed.

当毁灭来临的时候，地球上100年无雨水。干旱会导致饥荒，饥饿的大众会相互蚕食。他们就这样慢慢地走向毁灭。

The sun will then drink the water of the oceans, of the living bodies and of the earth itself. But the devastating sun will not give rain in return.

这时，太阳不仅会吸干海水，也会吸干生物体和地球的水。即便如此，做此破坏的太阳并不会施以雨水作回报。

Next the fire of annihilation will flare up from the mouth of lord Sankarsana. Carried by the mighty wind, this fire will burn throughout the universe, scorching the lifeless cosmic shell. Burned from all sides, from above by the blazing sun and from below by the fire of Lord Sankarsana, the universal sphere will glow like a burning ball of cow dung. A great and terrible wind of destruction will begin to blow for more than one hundred years, and the sky, covered with dust, will turn grey.

紧接着，毁灭之火将从主桑卡尔珊的口中骤然而出。随着强大的飓风，火烧遍了整个宇宙，把毫无生命的宇宙空壳烧成灰烬。这是来自各方面的焚烧，自上而下的太阳强光，自下而上来自主桑卡尔珊的炙热火烤，整个宇宙球有如一个燃烧的牛粪球发散着光芒。一场令人毛骨悚然的具有毁灭性的狂风开始刮了起来，并一直会持续100多年，天空中尘土飞扬，一片灰色。

After that, groups of multicolored clouds will gather, roaring terribly with thunder, and will pour down floods of rain for one hundred years. At that time, the shell of the universe will fill up with water, forming a single cosmic ocean. As the entire universe is flooded, the water will rob the earth of its unique quality of fragrance, and the element earth, deprived of its distinguishing quality, will be dissolved.

在那之后，多彩的云朵会成群结队的聚集起来，可怕的雷声咆哮着，滂沱大雨随之倾泻而下持续百年。 那个时候，宇宙之卵将被水充满，形成一个宇宙之洋。 当整个宇宙被洪水淹没的时候，水将夺走土地独有的芬芳，土元素失去了它独有的品质而被溶化。

The element fire then seizes the taste from water and water merges into fire. Air seizes form from fire and fire merges into air. Ether then seizes the quality of touch from air and air merges into ether. False ego in ignorance seizes sound from ether. False ego in passion seizes the senses and false ego in goodness seizes the demigods. The mahat-tattva seizes false ego and thus everything is wound up.

火元素抓住了水的滋味，水融入了火中。 空气抓住了火，而火融入了空气。以太则从空气中抓住了触觉的品质，空气融入了以太。处于愚昧中的假我抓住了以太中的声音。处于激情形态的假我抓住了感官，而处于善良形态的假我抓住了半神人。而大实体(Mahat-tattva)抓住假我， 就这样，一切都缠绕了起来。
(S.B. 12.4.7-19)

3) One thousand cycles of the four yugas constitute one day of Brahma. During his night Brahma sleeps and the three planetary systems meet destruction. This is called Naimittika or occasional annihilation.

4个年代的1000次循环构成了布茹阿玛的一个白天。布茹阿玛在夜间进入梦乡，此时三个星系也就面临着毁灭。这被称作Naimittika或临时的毁灭。
(S.B. 12.4.2-4)

When Brahma’s night appears, the sun and the moon are without glare. The sun and the moon do not vanish, they appear in the remaining portion of the universe.

当布茹阿玛的夜晚来临的时候，太阳和月亮都失去了光芒。太阳和月亮并没有消失，它们展现在宇宙的残留部分中.

The devastation takes place due to fire emanating from the mouth of Sankarsana. The great sages like Bhrgu and other inhabitants of Mahaloka, transport themselves to Janaloka, being disturbed by the warmth of the blazing fire that rages throughout the universe. At the beginning of devastation all the seas become ferocious and in no time all the three worlds become full of water. The fire from Sankarsana’s mouth rages for 36,000 years. Then for another 36,000 years there are torrents of rain with wind, etc., and the oceans overflow. These reactions for 72,000 years are the beginning of the partial devastation of the three worlds. When Brahma goes to sleep, the three worlds below Brahmaloka are submerged in the water of devastation. In his sleeping condition Brahma dreams about the Garbhodakasayi Visnu and takes instruction from the Lord how to recreate the devastated area.

桑卡尔珊口中喷发出的火焰毁灭了一切,。遍及宇宙令人无法忍受的肆虐热焰，使像布瑞古(Bhrgu)这样的大圣人和其他玛哈星球（Mahaloka）的居民都搬到了佳那星球（Janaloka）去居住了。 在毁灭之初，所有的海洋都变得凶猛可怕，不一会儿的功夫，整个三界都被淹没在海水之中。桑卡尔珊口中的火猛烈地喷射36,000年。接着狂风暴雨又倾泻了36,000年，等等。就这样使得海水都溢了出来。这72000年的反应是三界局部毁灭的开始，当布茹阿玛睡觉的时候，布茹阿玛楼卡之下的三界就淹没在这毁灭之水中。睡着了的布茹阿玛梦见了孕诞之洋维施努（Garbhodakasayi Visnu），并从主那里获得如何重建这被破坏了的家园的训示
(S.B.Canto 3 Ch 11)

There is also a partial annihilation up to the earthly planet after the period of each Manu.

在每一个玛努周期之后，地球般的星球也有一场局部的毁灭。

4) At every moment time invisibly transforms the bodies of all created beings and all other manifestations of matter. This process of transformation causes the living entity to undergo the constant annihilation of birth and death.

每时每刻，时间都无形地在所有的生物体和所有的物质展示中变换着。这个变化的过程导致了生物体恒常地经历着生与死的毁灭。

Those possessed of subtle vision state that all creatures, including Brahma himself, are always subject to generation and annihilation. Material life means birth and death or generation and annihilation. The only boat suitable for crossing the ocean of material existence, which is otherwise impossible to cross, is the boat of submissive hearing of the nectarean pastimes of the Supreme Personality of Godhead.

那些具有精微视域的人声明，一切众生，包括布茹阿玛本人也要经历生死。物质生活是指出生与死亡或诞生与毁灭。 唯一适合渡过这物质存在之海的船是顺从地聆听至尊人格首神逍遥时光的甘露的船，除此别无他法。

(S.B. Canto 12 Ch 4)

主讲：月亮帕布，时间：2012年5月24日
[audio:DiSB/24-Creation 06-Candrasekhar Acarya das-2012.05.24.mp3|titles=物质世界的创造之六|artists=月亮帕布]点击下载

sarga – the creation of Maha Vishnu，萨尔嘎-玛哈维施努的创造
visarga – the creations of Lord Brahma，维萨尔嘎-主布茹阿玛的创造

visnos tu trini rupani
purusakhyany atho viduh
ekam tu mahatah srastr
dvitiyam tv anda-samsthitam
trtiyam sarva-bhuta-stham
tani jnatva vimucyate

“For material creation, Lord Krsna’s plenary expansion assumes three Visnus. The first one, Maha Visnu, creates the total material energy, known as mahat-tattva. The second, Garbhodakasayi Visnu, enters into all the universes to create diversities in each of them. The third, Ksirodakasayi Visnu, is diffused as the all-pervading Supersoul in all the universes and is known as Paramatma. He is present even within the atoms. Anyone who knows these three Visnus can be liberated from material entanglement.”

(Satvata-tantra quoted in Bg. 7.4 purport)
请查阅《博伽梵歌》第7章，第4诗节的要旨

are known as the purusa-avataras。三位维施努是普茹萨-阿瓦塔尔。
guna-avataras are also three – Lord Brahma, Lord Vishnu & Lord Shiva
古纳-阿瓦塔尔也有三位-主布茹阿玛，主维施努，主希瓦
Lord Brahma’s days is divided into 14 parts – each section = 72 x the 4 yugas
主布茹阿玛的一天分为14部分，每一部分=72×4个年代
the 4 yugas = one divya yuga, 72 divya yugas = one day of Lord Brahma
4个年代=一个divya年代，72个divya年=主布茹阿玛的一天
14 parts are known as manvantaras or periods of Manu
14个部分被认为是玛努的周期或者是Manvantaras
Manu – there are 14 in a day of Lord Brahma – or the progenitors of human beings
Manu(玛努）在布茹阿玛的一天有14个部分，或者说是人类的祖先
Svayam bhuva Manu – 1st Manu, who was created from Lord Brahma’s right side
Svayam Bbuva 玛努 是第一玛努，是从主布茹阿玛的右边创造出来的
Satarupa was the consort of the 1st Manu
Satarupa是第一位玛努的妻子

One thousand divya-yugas equals one day of Brahma. In Brahma’s one day there are fourteen Manus. In each one Manu enjoys a life of seventy-two divya-yugas or 852,000 years of the demigods or 306,720,000 human years. After the dissolution of every Manu a new Manu comes. The seven great sages as well as the leaders in the heavenly planets like Indra, etc., also rotate along with each change of Manu. Thus with the change of each and every Manu the universal management also changes.
一千个Divya-yugas年等于布茹阿玛的一天，在布茹阿玛的一天中有14个玛努。每一个玛努都享受着72个divya-yugas年或者说是852,000个半神人年或者306,720,000个人类的年。在每一个玛努分解之后，一个新的玛努会接替。7位伟大的圣人，同时也是天堂星球的领导者是例如像因泽等等，他们也是随着玛努的改变而循环着。因此，随着每个玛努的改变，宇宙的管理也发生着变化

In Brahma’s one day there are 14 Manus
In Brahma’s one month there are 420 Manus
In Brahma’s one year there are 5,040 manus
In Brahma’s lifetime there are 504,000 Manus
布茹阿玛的一天有14个玛努，布茹阿玛的一个月有420个玛努，布茹阿吗的一年有5040个玛努，布茹阿玛的一年有504,000个玛努

earthly planet/Bharata Bhumi/Bharata Varsa is known as karma bhumi
地球/布茹阿特·布弥/布茹阿特·瓦尔萨也以卡尔玛·布弥著称

samsara – cycle of birth and death, sometimes up and sometimes down
Samsara- 生死的轮回，时上时下

nitya – badha – eternally conditioning
eternally conditioned
Prsnigarbha   – The incarnation who appeared before Dhruva. He created the planet known as Dhruvaloka for the habitation of Dhruva Maharaja.

Krsta—茹阿达(565254601) 06:58:26
同修们好！我有个几个未找到没有答案的傻傻的问题，希望得到大家的开示，先在这里谢谢大家！：1.灵魂Jeeva 一有邪恶就要被生（有一个身体），这个邪恶evil 或者sin到底是什么？ 2.在染上罪过之前，我们和主有在过一起吗？ 3.是在物质宇宙展示之前还是之后染上的呢？ 4.为什么躺在原因之洋的威势努一定生出一个布茹阿玛，然后就有这多的创造物出现在宇宙里？是为我你们有罪才预备下着840万的生物体，以备我们来背负吗？
简单说，我问这些问题的目的其实要找到我们犯罪的起因，和原罪的性质

主讲：月亮帕布，时间：2012年5月18日
[audio:DiSB/The Demons in Srimad Bhagavatam 23-Creation 05-Candrasekhar Acarya das-2012.05.18.mp3|titles=布茹阿玛的再创造|artists=月亮帕布]点击下载

Lord Brahma is a guna-avatara – for the mode of passion
主布茹阿玛是古纳-阿瓦塔尔(Guna-avatara)—激情属性
Lord Shiva/Rudra is a guna-avatara – for the mode of ignorance
主希瓦/茹卓是古纳-阿瓦塔尔(Guna-avatara)–愚昧属性
Prajapatis – the original progenitors of the different species of life
帕佳帕提(Prajapatis)–是各种生命物种的祖先

Srimad Bhagavatam Canto 3 chapter 12 describes the various creations of Lord Brahma
博伽瓦谭3.12描述了主布茹阿玛的各种创造
Srimad Bhagavatam canto 6 chapter 6 adds some further details about the creation of the different species of life
博伽瓦谭6.6描述了不同生命种族的创造
Lord Brahma’s creations are known as vi-sarga – re-creation
主布茹阿玛的创造被称为韦-萨尔嘎-再创造

together the four yugas/ages are known as a divya-yuga
四个年代一起被称为迪韦亚-宇嘎
1000 of these divya-yugas = 1 day of Lord Brahma
1000个迪韦亚-宇嘎=布茹阿玛的1个白天
1000 of these divya-yuga = 1 night of Lord Brahma
1000个迪韦亚-宇嘎=布茹阿玛的1个黑天
Lord Brahma’s day is divided into 14 parts, or time sections, and each part is known as a Manvantara
主布茹阿玛的一个白天被分为14个部分或者时间段，每一段被称为一个曼宛塔尔。

[12-5-17 上午8:37:52] 皈依Converting: 请问月亮帕布：在SB第6篇第6章中说达克沙的60个女儿与各种崇高的人物结合后，才使得整个宇宙充满了人类、半神人、恶魔、走兽、飞鸟和蛇等各种类型的生物体。怎么去理解她们是人，怎么能生出兽来呢？

主讲：月亮帕布，时间：2012年5月10日
[audio:DiSB/The Demons in Srimad Bhagavatam 22-Creation 04-Candrasekhra Acarya das-2012.05.10.mp3|titles=物质世界的创造之四|artists=月亮帕布]点击下载

garbha – womb，子宫
the jivas for each universe are withiin the womb, or the garbha, of the Lord and hence He is known as Garbhadaksayi Vishnu
在宇宙中的所有的个体灵魂都处于嘎巴中（子宫）中，因此主之后被称为是（Garbhadaksayi vishnu)孕诞之洋
tapa – tapasya – austerities
tapa tapasaya 苦行
Gopala-Gayatra and the Kama-Gayatri are especially important in our Gaudiya Vaishnava line，哥帕拉-嘎亚垂和卡玛-嘎亚垂在我们高迪亚外士那瓦传承中非常重要。
sarga – creation of Maha Vishnu，玛哈维施努的创造
visarga – recreation- performed by Brahma at the beginning of each of his days，再创造- 由布茹阿玛在他的每一天开始时进行

THE THREE KINDS OF CREATION – KALPA
三类创造-卡帕（劫）
(S.B. 2.10.47-48)
First Creation: MAHAKALPA

The creation of the sixteen elementary elements, which are all products of the false ego, created by Maha Visnu.
(Maha Visnu creates the total material energy).

Second Creation: VIKALPA

The creation of Brahma by Garbhodakasayi Visnu and the dispersion of the material elements.
(Garbhodakasayi Visnu creates the diversities in each universe).

Third creation: KALPA

The creation by Brahma in each day of his life after waking from his sleep.
Lord Brahma’s one day is called a Kalpa, the creation of Brahma is called Vikalpa and the creation of the total creation is called Mahakalpa.

2nd canto chapter 10 texts 47 & 48
圣典博伽瓦谭第二篇第十章第47-48节